The AP-2 complex interacts with γ-TuRC and regulates the proliferative capacity of neural progenitors.

Centrosomes are organelles that nucleate microtubules via the activity of gamma-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRC). In the developing brain, centrosome integrity is central to the progression of the neural progenitor cell cycle, and its loss leads to microcephaly. We show that NPCs maintain centrosome integrity via the endocytic adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2). NPCs lacking AP-2 exhibit defects in centrosome formation and mitotic progression, accompanied by DNA damage and accumulation of p53. This function of AP-2 in regulating the proliferative capacity of NPCs is independent of its role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is coupled to its association with the GCP2, GCP3, and GCP4 components of γ-TuRC. We find that AP-2 maintains γ-TuRC organization and regulates centrosome function at the level of MT nucleation. Taken together, our data reveal a novel, noncanonical function of AP-2 in regulating the proliferative capacity of NPCs and open new avenues for the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders with AP-2 complex dysfunction.

Effect of stress hyperglycaemia on acute kidney injury in non-diabetic critically ill patients?

BACKGROUND: Stress hyperglycaemia (SH) and acute kidney injury (AKI) occur frequently in critically ill patients, and particularly non-diabetics are associated with adverse outcome. Data is scarce on the effect of SH on AKI. We assessed whether SH (i) preceded AKI, (ii) was a risk factor of subsequent AKI, and (iii) how SH and tubular injury interacted in AKI development in critically ill, non-diabetics. METHODS: Case-control study of 82 patients each with and without SH matched by propensity score for multiple demographic characteristics. AKI was defined by KDIGO criteria, SH either as blood glucose (BG) > 140 mg/dl (BG140), > 200 mg/dl (BG200), or stress hyperglycemia rate (SHR) ≥ 1.47 (SHR1.47) as measured 2 days before AKI. Urinary cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) indicated tubular injury. RESULTS: In AKI, SH rates were frequent using all 3 definitions applied, but highest when BG140 was applied. SH by all 3 definitions was consistently associated with AKI. This was independent of established risk factors of AKI such as sepsis and shock. Increments of BG, urinary NGAL or cystatin C, and its products, were independently associated with the likelihood of subsequent AKI, demonstrating their reciprocal potentiating effects on AKI development. CONCLUSIONS: SH is frequent in critically ill, non-diabetics with AKI. SH was identified as an independent risk factor of AKI. Higher BG combined with tubular injury may potentiate their adverse effects on AKI.

The unilateral hemispatial neglect phenomenon in right hemiplegia.

One of the most important perceptual function disorders following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the unilateral hemispatial neglect phenomenon (UHNP). In this case report, we present a 73-year-old male patient with UHNP accompanying right hemiplegia, which was identified with detailed examination. Clinical picture was characterized by right-sided hemiparesis in the upper right shoulder and relative weakness in the right leg. Patient was tested on hemineglect (HN) with star cancellation test and detailed neuropsychological evaluation. This article highlight the latest findings regarding the cognitive-behavioral syndrome of neglect for hemiplegia that occur following left hemisphere stroke.

The Effect of Massage and Progressive Relaxation Exercises on Pain Intensity and Menstrual Symptoms in Students With Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

A total of 97 female students, 50 in the intervention group and 47 in the control group, were included in this pretest-posttest design randomized controlled study. Massage and progressive relaxation exercises are self-administered practices that are easy to adopt, with no side effects, and have beneficial effects on pain, sweating, fatigue, and gastrointestinal and central nervous system signs. So, it can be asserted that when applied together, massage and progressive relaxation exercises could be more effective in reducing menstrual symptoms than applying them separately.

The effect of repeated video-training session on metered doseinhaler skills among individuals with COPD: Prospective randomised controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the effect of repeated video-training sessions on the adequacy of metered-dose inhaler (MDI) among individuals with COPD. BACKGROUND: MDI devices facilitate the use of inhalation drugs in COPD patients and have become ever more important over the years. However, this device requires a certain level of hand-to-mouth coordination and cognitive ability. Since it has a high risk of application errors, training in its use is important to treatment success. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. METHODS: This study was carried out from 1 February to 1 July 2017 with the participation of 40 COPD patients. The data were collected using a 'Patient Information Request Form' and an 'MDI Skill Evaluation Form'. CONSORT checklist was used to report the current study. RESULTS: It was found that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the mean scores of the 1st measurement (p > .05), though the mean scores of the 5th measurement were significantly higher in the experimental group (p < .001). In the 5th measurement, it was identified that the control group had 'moderate' adequacy (3.20 ± 1.6), while the experimental group had 'satisfactory' adequacy (8.70 ± 1.17), indicating that the patients in the experimental group made fewer mistakes and showed improved adequacy. CONCLUSION: It was found that repeated video-training sessions materially improved MDI skills. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Supporting the training on inhaler drug therapy with visual technological tools and regular checking of drug use will contribute to COPD management.

Nurses' views and applications on palliative care.

PURPOSE: This study was carried out descriptively to determine the view and applications about pallative care of nurses working in a university hospital. DESIGN AND METHODS: The data were collected with the questionnaire form: "Individual Information Form" and "Views and Appllications on Palliative Care," created by the researchers in line with the literature. FINDINGS: A total of 96.6% of the nurses evaluated the scope of palliative care as pain relief, and the most common difficulties in care were identified as bad news (88.1%). In all, 22.0% of the nurses talked to the patient and their family about death. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: It is thought that the majority of nurses are not trained in palliative care and their opinions about palliative care are affected by this situation.

Relationship Between Death Anxiety of Turkish Nurses and Their Attitudes Toward the Dying Patients.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between death anxiety of the Turkish nurses and their attitudes toward the dying patient. This study involved 203 nurses who were working at a university hospital. The data were collected using "Nurse Information Form" (which was prepared by the authors of this research), "Thorson-Powell Death Anxiety Scale," and "Attitude Scale about Euthanasia, Death, and Dying Patient." There was a positive correlation between death anxiety and dying patient avoidance behavior and euthanasia score (p < .05). The findings showed that nurses, death anxiety, and death scores were high in the loss of a close relatives (p < .05). Our findings suggest that the situation of the dying patients and their families and also nurses should be improved. Thus, special psychological education/training should be given to the nurses to deal with death anxiety and their attitude to the dying patient.

Determine the relationship between perceived social support and depression level of patients with diabetic foot.

BACKGROUND: As a lifelong disease, diabetes impairs the quality of life by limiting the eating and drinking habits and by bringing out the risk of kidney, eye, cardiovascular and diabetic neurological diseases in the long run. Loss of health might result in mourning, grief, rebellion, denial, anxiety, rage and sometimes these feelings might overcome the patient's coping skills leading to depression [Clinical Psychiatry 11 (Suppl 3) 3-18, 2008]. How individuals suffering from depression perceive and interpret the incidents around them is also important [Rel. Scie. Acad. J. III, 2: 129-152, 2003]. Accordingly, the determination of the correlation of the depression with the perceived social support level by the patients with diabetic foot was programmed and performed in order to take essential precautions, to generate proper solutions and treatment process and to make supportive plans for patients with developing diabetic foot and depression. METHODS: The data was obtained from 128 patients who applied to hospital within the scope of research between July 1st 2011 and January 31st 2012 that were diagnosed with diabetes and had diabetic foot. Pearson chi-square, Fisher Exact and Likelihood ratio, chi-square, Student t test and one way analysis of variance, Levene' s test, One way ANOVA, Welch and Games Howell tests were used in the analysis and evaluation. The data was collected by meeting face to face the individuals and by making use of the patient files and using the "Personal Information Form" which includes introductory information about individuals with diabetic foot, "Beck Depression Scale" which is applied to determine emotion status of individuals and "Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support" which is applied to determine the level of social support individuals perceive. RESULTS: In the performed statistical evaluation, mean scores of Beck Depression scale and MSPSS family support, friend support, special person support sub-dimension and scale total scores were found to be in negative statistical correlation (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment and care of the patients with diabetic foot; anxiety and depression status of the patients, as well as physical status, should also be evaluated routinely. The individuals provided to take professional care.

Modelling leachate quality and quantity in municipal solid waste landfills.

The operational phase of landfills may last for 20 years or more. Significant changes in leachate quality and generation rate may occur during this operational period. A mathematical model has been developed to simulate the landfill leachate behaviour and distributions of moisture and leachate constituents through the landfill, taking into consideration the effects of time-dependent landfill development on the hydraulic characteristics of waste and composition of leachate. The model incorporates governing equations that describe processes influencing the leachate production and biochemical processes taking place during the stabilization of wastes, including leachate flow, dissolution, acidogenesis and methanogenesis. To model the hydraulic property changes occurring during the development stage of the landfills, a conceptual modelling approach was proposed. This approach considers the landfill to consist of cells or columns of cells, which are constructed at different times, and considers each cell in the landfill to consist of several layers. Each layer is assumed to be a completely mixed reactor containing uniformly distributed solid waste, moisture, gases and micro-organisms. The use of the proposed conceptual model enables the incorporation of the spatial changes in hydraulic properties of the landfill into the model and also makes it possible to predict the spatial and temporal distributions of moisture and leachate constituents. The model was calibrated and partially verified using leachate data from Keele Valley Landfill in Ontario, Canada and data obtained from the literature. Ranges of values were proposed for model parameters applicable for real landfill conditions.